Magnetic drug targeting phenomena during non- Newtonian flow in the microvessel with time- Fractional derivative

Abstract

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death worldwide incurring substantial medical costs and care and become a potential barrier to average life expectancy. Several treatment options available have considerable side effects and often are not sufficient for curative treatment. Most challenges include targeting non-specifically, poor pharmacokinetic characteristics drugs arising from poor solubility, stability, and toxicity, inefficacy and limited bio-distribution. Recently, with the advancement of nanotechnology, treatment options such as magnetic drug targeting (MDT) through the application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) treatment have significantly changed the paradigm of cancer treatment due to minimum side effects and high efficacy. This research aims at theoretical analysis to examine the efficacy of the accumulation of drug carrier magnetic nanoparticles influenced by biophysical parameters near the diseased region during magnetic drug targeting. In this study, the time fractional derivatives of blood flow and factors governing the transport of drug carrier nanoparticles such as particle – particle interaction, Saffman uplift force, size and shape of carrier particles, permeability of the vessel, magnetic and viscous forces are considered. The conclusion drawn from the study shows that spherical shaped drugs carrying magnetic nanoparticles are more prominent to be targeted to the tumor region than other non-spherical shaped drugs carrying magnetic nanoparticles. Capture efficiency of the drug-carrier particles is improved with increase in the magnetization, and radius of carrier particles as both increase the magnetic force among the magnet and Drug-carrier particles. A decrease in Darcy number, Reynolds number, and tumor magnet distance decreases the total volume fraction of nanoparticles. Total volume fraction of magnetic nanoparticles decreases with increase in pulsatile frequency, Casson parameter and Hematocrit parameter. The velocity of blood and velocity of magnetic nanoparticles are boosted with enhancement in the Darcy number and Jeffrey fluid parameter, which shows an important application to the therapy of atherosclerosis. The flow resistance increases with an increase in stenosis height and Hartman number. The present study will help biomedical engineers and nanomedicine researchers develop magnetic devices and the next generation of drug carrier particles to treat cancerous tumors.