Abstract:
Electric vehicles are renowned for their merits such as reduced pollution, no emission and small reliance
on non-renewable fossil fuels, yet their adoption is low. The low adoption of electric vehicles is due to
their disadvantages such as low range, long charging hours and some potential consumers have the fear
of running out of charge while driving. A prediction of the energy consumption of an electric vehicle helps
to alleviate such fear. In this work simulation results are presented which compare the energy
consumption of a Toyota Prius, a hybrid electric vehicle modeled in ADVISOR simulation package, when
used under summer European and Palapye Botswana ambient conditions respectively. The New European
Driving Cycle was used and ambient conditions were varied in the input parameters. Results show that
the state of charge are respectively 50% and 54% under hotter conditions of Palapye and a European
country. The gradient of the state of charge of the battery pack during the simulation period is also steeper
for Palapye conditions than for a European country which shows that energy is consumed at a higher rate
in the former. Based on the difference in the state of charge for both conditions, results show that there
was an 8% higher energy consumption under Palapye’s conditions. The results can inform consumers on
what to expect when purchasing and operating a hybrid electric vehicle. Results also provide a guide for
the design of electric vehicles intended for use in a semi-arid country such as Botswana. It can be
concluded that electric vehicles consume more energy under harsher or more hostile environmental
conditions owing to the use of auxiliary systems such as air conditioners and other temperature control
systems. Future research work needs to develop better battery storage systems and driving cycles that
accurately model conditions in hot climate regions.