Abstract:
A new method of rapidly detecting iron in water using
a smartphone assisted device is introduced. Currently, point-of-need
devices have largely explored patterned paper as a substrate. While
paper is affordable and detection is rapid, its sensitivity is
compromised by its fast-wicking nature hence the need for methods of
retaining and immobilizing analytes. Silica generally has a higher
absorptive power than paper therefore can better immobilize analytes
for better detection. The improvement of sensitivity in such devices is
important in the monitoring of heavy metals such as iron that can be
dangerous to plant and animal life. Testing of such metals not only
requires rapid methods of detection but those with low detection limits.
The pairing of these devices with smartphones contributes to their
rapidity. The aim of this paper is to present findings on the method
development and validation of silica-based smart-phone assisted rapid
detection of iron in water. Iron standards were prepared in various
amounts (0-60 ng) and converted to iron (II). A silica plate was
prepared by adding 1,10-phenanthroline that would turn bright orange
on reacting with iron (II). A box structure was built around the silica
plate to control light and the distance of the light source (smartphone).
The standards and reference material were tested by depositing on the
treated silica plate before capturing with the smartphone and analyzed
using a software called ImageJ. Detection limit, linear range, accuracy
and precision were determined. The results showed a limit of detection
of 0.2 ng, a limit of quantification of 0.6 ng, a linear range of 0.6 ng to
30.0 ng and RSD of <5%. The results also showed that for silica not
only are complex immobilizing reagents not necessary but they in fact,
lead to worse precision, accuracy and sensitivity. From this study we
conclude that silica-based substrates make a more sensitive detection
method while requiring less reagents. The settings of the software were
found to be unique to the substrate.