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Modification of structural, morphological and Optical properties of zno nanorods through ion Implantation for optoelectronic applications

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dc.contributor.supervisor Muiva, Cosmas
dc.contributor.supervisor Madhuku, Morgan
dc.contributor.author Lefatshe, Kebadiretse
dc.date.accessioned 2025-09-12T12:27:16Z
dc.date.available 2025-09-12T12:27:16Z
dc.date.issued 2023-12
dc.identifier.citation Lefatshe,K. (2023). Modification of structural, morphological and Optical properties of zno nanorods through ion Implantation for optoelectronic applications., Botswana, PhD’s thesis, Botswana International University of Science and Technology: Palapye en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://repository.biust.ac.bw/handle/123456789/667
dc.description Thesis (PhD of Physics and Astronomy sciences)---Botswana International University of Science and Technology, 2023 en_US
dc.description.abstract In this work, ion implantation was selected for its ability to induce lattice defects and imperfections thus modifying the properties of ZnO NRs. ZnO NRs were grown through the chemical bath deposition method and implanted with Ag+ and C+ ions. Ion implantation was carried out at room temperature at 50 KeV energy and various ion fluences from 1.0×1015 to 3.0×1016 ions/cm2. Average penetration depths of 17.4 and 97.9 nm were estimated for Ag+ and C+ ions, respectively, using the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) program. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO, with a preferential stacking along the c-axis. A variation of calculated microstructural parameters denoted the presence and effect of the implanted ions. Furthermore, Raman analysis results showed distinct features on phonon modes, which were strongly dependent on the ion species and the fluence of the implanted ions. These observed disparities signalled the presence of distortions and possible accumulation of defects as induced by ion implantation. The UV/Vis/NIR spectroscope was used to measure the absorbance and transmittance of the samples. A shift of the absorption edges towards longer wavelengths was observed, implying a consequential decrease of the bandgap. The diminution of the optical band gap of implanted ZnO was ascribed to imperfect lattice and isolated impurity bands between the conduction and valence bands. In addition to the increased absorption of the visible light, a decreased band gap also enables quick photoexcitation of electrons, hence resulting in an increase in charge generation. These results highlight an effective strategy of extending the absorption of visible light through creating a disturbance of the structural periodicity. Such modified ZnO nanorods are efficient for the utilization of the abundant solar energy for photocatalytic environmental remediation and energy conversion applications. en_US
dc.publisher Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) en_US
dc.subject Ion implantation en_US
dc.subject ZnO NRs en_US
dc.subject UV/Vis/NIR spectroscope en_US
dc.subject Crystal structures en_US
dc.subject kinematic factor en_US
dc.subject Schematic diagram en_US
dc.subject Electrons en_US
dc.title Modification of structural, morphological and Optical properties of zno nanorods through ion Implantation for optoelectronic applications en_US
dc.description.level phd en_US
dc.description.accessibility unrestricted en_US
dc.description.department paa en_US


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