The presence of magnetic particles is considered in a magneto-hydrodynamic blood flow through a circular cylinder. The fluid inside the tube is acted by an oscillating pressure gradient and an external constant magnetic field. The blood temperature is assumed to change with the blood and particle velocities, and the whole study is based on a mathematical model that includes Caputo fractional-order derivatives. Solutions for the particle and blood velocities, and blood temperature distribution, are obtained via the combination of the Laplace and Hankel transformation methods. Effects of the fractional-order parameter and magnetic field are addressed using numerical simulations. Results show that the applied magnetic field reduces the velocities of the fluid and particles, which remarkably affects the blood temperature. This is obvious for short and long time intervals. However, under long time intervals, particles seem to be accelerated, but their velocity is suitably controlled by the fractional-order parameter which also monitors the increase in blood temperature.