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Environmental and socioeconomic impact of copper slag—A review

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dc.contributor.author Gabasiane, Tlotlo Solomon
dc.contributor.author Danha, Gwiranai
dc.contributor.author Mamvura, Tirivaviri Augustine
dc.contributor.author Mashifana, Tebogo
dc.contributor.author Dzinomwa, Godfrey
dc.date.accessioned 2022-02-07T08:41:58Z
dc.date.available 2022-02-07T08:41:58Z
dc.date.issued 2021-12-03
dc.identifier.citation Gabasiane, T. S.et.al. (2021) Environmental and socioeconomic impact of copper slag—A review, Crystals, 11(12), 1504, MDPI, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121504 en_US
dc.identifier.issn 2073-4352
dc.identifier.uri http://repository.biust.ac.bw/handle/123456789/402
dc.description.abstract Copper slag is generated when copper and nickel ores are recovered from their parent ores using a pyrometallurgical process, and these ores usually contain other elements which include iron, cobalt, silica, and alumina. Slag is a major problem in the metallurgical industries as it is dumped into heaps which have accumulated into millions of tons over the years. Moreover, they pose a danger to the environment as they occupy vacant land (space problems). Over the past few years, studies have been conducted to investigate the copper slag-producing outlets to learn their behavior, as well as properties of slag, to have the knowledge of how to better reuse and recycle copper slag. This review article provides the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of slag, as well as a characterization of copper slag, with the aim of reusing and recycling the slag to benefit the environment and economy. Recycling methods are considered an attractive technological pathway for reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as promoting the concept of circular economy through the utilization of waste. These metal elements have value depending on their characteristics; hence, copper slag is considered as a secondary source of valuable metals. Some of the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes to consider are physical separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching, and direct reduction roasting of iron (DRI). Some of the possible metals that can be recovered from the copper slag include Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, and Ag (precious metals). en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher MDPI en_US
dc.subject Copper slag en_US
dc.subject Mineralogy en_US
dc.subject Heavy metal en_US
dc.subject Pyrometallurgy en_US
dc.subject Hydrometallurgy en_US
dc.subject Socioeconomic impact en_US
dc.title Environmental and socioeconomic impact of copper slag—A review en_US
dc.description.level phd en_US
dc.description.accessibility unrestricted en_US
dc.description.department cme en_US


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