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Synthesis, characterisation, and anti-bacterial Studies of cu(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), and fe(ii) complexes with Schiff bases

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dc.contributor.supervisor Odisitse, Sebusi
dc.contributor.supervisor King’ondu, Cecil
dc.contributor.author Mokokwe, Tlamelo
dc.date.accessioned 2025-11-17T12:56:00Z
dc.date.available 2025-11-17T12:56:00Z
dc.date.issued 2022-11
dc.identifier.citation Mokokwe, T (2022) Synthesis, characterisation, and anti-bacterial Studies of cu(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), and fe(ii) complexes with Schiff bases, Master's Thesis, Botswana International University of Science and Technology: Palapye. en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://repository.biust.ac.bw/handle/123456789/690
dc.description Thesis (MSc of Chemical and Forensic sciences)---Botswana International University of Science and Technology, 2023 en_US
dc.description.abstract According to studies, illnesses caused by drug-resistant bacteria cause approximately seven hundred deaths annually. Although several drugs are currently being developed in response to this matter, it is reported that the majority of these drugs are simply derivatives of the current class of antibacterial drugs, and as a result, they will only provide a temporary solution because bacterial cells will eventually develop resistance to them as well. In this regard a completely new class of compounds that are somewhat unconventional and could also provide new pathways and modes of action that are not observed by the current class could be introduced. Researchers have demonstrated that metal complexes have a positive degree of anti-bacterial potency. The goal of this research work was to synthesize, analyse, and test antibacterial activities of Schiff base ligands denoted as 3N and 4N, based on the position of nitro group in the ligand, and their corresponding metal complexes. Schiff base ligands were synthesised through a condensation reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde / 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone to form 4N and 3N respectively. They were then complexed with Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(II), and Ni(II) metals and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and ESI-MS. Metal complexes were denoted as Cu4N, Cu3N, Co4N, Co3N, Fe4N, Fe3N, Ni4N, and Ni3N. All metal complexes, except for Cu3N and Cu4N, could not be comprehensively characterized by 1H NMR due to their paramagnetic nature. According to FT-IR and NMR analysis, the "O" and "N" donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand took part in interaction with the metal (II) ions. The expected molecular formula of ligands and metal complexes were confirmed by relating their expected molecular weights with m/z values from ESI-MS data. Gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were used as test organisms to determine the antibacterial activity of the ligands and complexes. The test was done through a broth micro dilution test to find the minimum inhibitory concentration. When compared to their respective ligands, all metal complexes except Ni4N, displayed significant activity against both strains. Furthermore, the complexes were more active against gram-positive bacteria. This may suggest that these compounds’ mode of action could be selective towards gram-positive bacteria. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher BIUST en_US
dc.subject Drug-resistant bacteria
dc.subject Schiff base ligands
dc.subject Metal complexes
dc.subject Antibacterial activity
dc.subject Escherichia coli
dc.subject Staphylococcus aureus
dc.title Synthesis, characterisation, and anti-bacterial Studies of cu(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), and fe(ii) complexes with Schiff bases en_US
dc.description.level msc en_US
dc.description.accessibility restricted en_US
dc.description.department cfs en_US


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