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A review of ironmaking by direct reduction processes: quality requirements and sustainability

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dc.contributor.author Ramakgala, Comfort
dc.contributor.author Danha, Gwiranai
dc.date.accessioned 2020-03-27T10:16:31Z
dc.date.available 2020-03-27T10:16:31Z
dc.date.issued 2019
dc.identifier.citation Ramakgala,C. and Danha, G. (2019) A review of ironmaking by direct reduction processes: quality requirements and sustainability. Procedia Manufacturing, 35, 242-245.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.05.034. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 2351-9789
dc.identifier.uri http://repository.biust.ac.bw/handle/123456789/116
dc.description.abstract Currently the majority of the world’s steel is produced through either one of the two main routes; the integrated Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF – BOF) route or the Direct Reduced Iron - Electric Arc Furnace (DRI - EAF) route. In the former, the blast furnace uses iron ore, scrap metal, coke and pulverized coal as raw materials to produce hot metal for conversion in the BOF. Although it is still the prevalent process, blast furnace hot metal production has declined over the years due to diminishing quality of metallurgical coke, low supply of scrap metal and environmental problems associated with the process. These factors have contributed to the development of alternative technologies of ironmaking, of which Direct Reduction (DR) processes are expected to emerge as preferred alternatives in the future. This study reviews the different DR processes used to produce Direct Reduced Iron, providing an analysis on the quality requirements of iron-bearing ores for use in these processes. The study also discusses the environmental sustainability of such processes. DR processes reduce iron ore in its solid state by the use of either natural gas or coal as reducing agents, and they have a comparative advantage of low capital costs, low emissions and production flexibility over the BF process. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Elsevier B.V. en_US
dc.subject Direct Reduced Iron en_US
dc.subject Direct reduction processes en_US
dc.subject Ironmaking en_US
dc.subject Ramakgala,Comfort en_US
dc.subject Danha,Gwiranai en_US
dc.subject Steel en_US
dc.title A review of ironmaking by direct reduction processes: quality requirements and sustainability en_US
dc.description.level phd en_US
dc.description.accessibility unrestricted en_US
dc.description.department cme en_US


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